Eigenvalues & Eigenvectors of S*

Circular left-shift operator — after Bamieh (2018), Fig. 4.1
8
eigenvalue ρm
eigenvector entries
For dimension n = 8, the eigenvalues of S* are the 8th roots of unity ρm = ei·2π·m/n, and each eigenvector is w(m) = (1, ρm, ρm2, …, ρmn−1).